四、主语从句：

1. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,
reliability and appropriateness of the information used and on the skills and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现证实，这取决于被采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。

2. Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of
technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
政府究竟是减少对技术经费的投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把问题的哪一方面看作是驱动的力量。

3. That most Americans genuinely believe that their economic system is the best that human
wisdom has so far devised and that their political system is a “democracy” in which the interests of the people are paramount, is an indication of how profoundly they have been brainwashed by those who benefit from things remaining as they are----the very people, of course, who control the mass communication with which to do the brainwashing.
绝大多数美国人真诚地相信，他们的经济制度是人类智慧至今所能设计的最好的制度，他们的政治制度是人民利益高于一切的“民主制度”。这一事实表明他们是多么深刻地被洗过脑了，而洗脑是由那些从现状得益的人们进行的。当然，正是这些人控制了大众传播媒体，并以此来进行洗脑。

4．Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
因此，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是在某一特定情况下两者同时使用，须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。

5．But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
更为重要的是，这是科学家们能够观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

6．While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.
虽然警示语常常是合理而必要的，如对药物副作用可能产生的危险的警示语，并且很多是州或联邦法规所要求的，但是当消费者受伤时，这些警示语能否真正保护制造商和销售商并使之免于承担法律责任，这还很难说。

7．What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.
现在的情况是人们不能像以前那样轻易地、公开地坦陈自己的梦想，惟恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪婪、庸俗不堪。